Monday, July 15, 2013

Drill and Practice


This software provides exercises for students to work on and receive feedback.  Flashcard activity resembles actual flash cards.  Chart fill-in activities are especially great for multiplication.  Branch drills use a progression of levels.  Some teachers often use these resources to check for mastery. We must be purposeful in planning our lessons. Teachers must review and conference with students on errors.  We can determine a child’s reasoning.  “The function of a drill is not instruction, but rather practice after instruction” ( Roblyer, p.83).  This is significant in implementing higher order thinking skills.
Tutorial
Tutorials are independent instructional units that provide information containing at least one activity.  Linear Tutorials provide the same information for everyone.  My bank has a tutorial on making ATM deposits.  My cell phone also has a tutorial on its features.  Branching Tutorials are more specific.  They vary in difficulty.   We must expose our students to various ways to perform tasks.   The following web link teaches students how to multiply using the Lattice Method. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=multiplication+tutorials&view=detail&mid=C20D0CB3D91C65B5C23FC20D0CB3D91C65B5C23F&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR&qpvt=multiplication+tutorials
Simulation
Simulation is a computerized model.  It is either physical or iterative. An example is in science where we combine two colors to make a third color. They can also show you how to do something procedurally or through a situation simulation.  An example is showing preschool students how to put a flashlight together.  You can show young students how a house is built.  “Simulations usually emphasize learning about the system itself rather than learning general problem-solving strategies” ( Roblyer, p. 91).  This system does not develop critical thinking skills.
Instructional Games
Instructional Games use rules, competition and an entertaining format to convey information to students.  Examples of these are on Starfall or PBS Kids.  These hands on activities transform difficult information into manageable data.
Problem Solving
It is used to configure solutions.  The two types are Content Area and Content Free.  Students resolve issues through inference, predicting, visualizing, and exploring clues.    However, it is subjective.
Integrated Learning Systems
Integrated Learning Systems track student progress.  Examples are practice with the Common Core Aligned Standards, Test Data, and State Testing.  ILS “reports that the system produces and to what extent they meet the needs of the district” (Roblyer, p.103).  Although most teachers collect data from their classrooms, it is important to follow-up on the results.
Word Processing
Microsoft Word documents such as essays, newsletters, and recipes support classroom learning.  Students rearrange, organize, and access information quickly.  “A teacher can use it to support any directed instruction or constructivist activity” (Roblyer, p.116).  It is not geared toward any particular teaching approach.  It is used to enhance the instructional activity.
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheets organize information into useful data.  They are used for class rolls, computational lists, and addresses.  Some electronic grade books “offer limited –purpose word processing capabilities to enter notes” (Roblyer, p.154).  Teachers are able to input data regarding students which can be used for intervention and parent conferences.

Roblyer and Doering.  (2013).  Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching Sixth Edition.
Boston:  Pearson.

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